Synbiotics Alleviate the Gut Indole Load and Dysbiosis in Chronic Kidney Disease

Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease

There is growing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of both intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Intestinal disorders include inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and coeliac disease, while extra-intestinal disorders include allergy, asthma, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.

The gut–kidney connection in advanced chronic kidney disease

Recent basic and clinical findings emphasize that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease of national significance in many developed countries. In Japan, 1 in 8 adults suffers from CKD, although less than 10% of people know the term “CKD”. CKD is asymptomatic and leads to development of endstage renal failure with hemodialysis and increased mortality. The main cause of mortality in pat...

Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease.

With over 100 trillion microbial cells, the gut microbiome plays important roles in both the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. Gut microbiome dysbiosis, resulted from alteration of composition and function of the gut microbiome and disruption of gut barrier function, is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The dysbiotic gut microbiome generates exces...

Vitamin deficiencies in chronic kidney disease

Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease

Background and Objective: Endocrine disorders are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the present study is reviewing available literature to give a deep understanding of complexities of endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease. Methods: A narrative reviewing method based on the available literature was approached. Findings: Generally, when renal function de...